Figure 1: Representative sections of kidney showing changes from various groups (H and E, ×100). (a and b) Normal appearance of kidney from Sham control. (c and d) Represents morphological alterations in kidney from nephrectomized (NPX) vehicle control. It represents tubular dilatation, atrophy of kidney tubules, interstitial inflammatory cell infi ltration and fi brosis. (e and f) Represents morphological alterations in kidney from NPX + aliskiren (ASK) treated rats and shows similar findings as c and d. Alteration in NPX kidney from pentoxifylline (PTX) (g and h) and combination of ASK + PTX (i and j) treated groups represented. These kidney sections (g-j) show lesser degree of injury as compared to NPXand ASK-treated groups