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Figure 1: Morphine-induced behavioral signs in opioid-naive male Wistar rats. Morphine (2.5-10 mg/kg, subcutaneously [s.c.]) or saline (1 mL/kg, s.c.) was given in a 3-day schedule of an unbiased conditioning paradigm. Data are expressed as count of behavioral signs/15 min ± standard error of mean. Post hoc analysis by Tukey showed the differences (*P < 0.05) in comparison to solely receiving saline group (1 mL/kg, s.c., twice daily for 3 days)

Figure 1: Morphine-induced behavioral signs in opioid-naive male Wistar rats. Morphine (2.5-10 mg/kg, subcutaneously [s.c.]) or saline (1 mL/kg, s.c.) was given in a 3-day schedule of an unbiased conditioning paradigm. Data are expressed as count of behavioral signs/15 min ± standard error of mean. <i>Post hoc</i> analysis by Tukey showed the differences (*<i>P</i> < 0.05) in comparison to solely receiving saline group (1 mL/kg, s.c., twice daily for 3 days)