In goats, single dose oral administration of chloramphenicol did not produce therapeutic blood levels of the drug at 25mg and 50 mg/kg bw but at 100 mg and 200 mg/kg it produced therapeutic antimicrobial levels for 24 h and for more than 24 h, respectively. Single oral dose at 100 mg and 200 mg/kg gave therapeutic milk levels for 3 to 24 h and 1 h to 48 h, respectively. Both blood and milk were free from the drug at 72 h post administration after 100 and 200 mg/kg single oral doses. Species difference with regard to drug adsorptions from G. I. tract has been Suggested.

A number of antidiarrhoeal agents were tried in experimental models of diarrhoea viz., castor oil-induced diarrhoea in rats, serotonin-induced diarrhoea in mice, and cholera toxin hypersecretion in rats. The agents, lidamidine. diphenoxylate+atropine. furazolidine, berberine and belladonna were given as pretreatment before the diarrhoea1 challenge, either singly or in various combinations. Lidamidine was most effective among the agents studied.Combinations except for those with lidamidine, offered no additional advantage over single drugs.

Chlorthalidone (3.0 mg/kg), hydrochlorthiazide (3.0 mg/kg), frusemide (1.0 mg/kg) and clonidine (0.003 mg/kg) did not have any per se effect on fasting blood sugar level of rabbits upto 5 h. when clonidine was administered along with glibenclamide (0.025 mg/k), it not only caused an early onsent of hypo- glycaema but also produced greater fall in blood sugar than that observed with glibenclamide alone. The diuretics did not modify the hypoglycaemic activity of glibenclamide.

In vitro hemolytic property of four commonly used substituted phenothiazine derivatives were studied on rabbit's washed erythrocytes, in isotonic saline. substitution of SCH2 group in place of H in position 2 of the phenothiazine ring, markedly increased the hemolytic activity, when compared with CF3 or Cl- substitution in the same position. Hemolytic property of these compounds also increased with the increase of incubation time and temperature.

The effect of single intravenous doses of metoclopramide ( 10 mg, 20 mg and 40 mg) have been compared with placebo (saline) in a double blind randomised study in 10 patients with tardive dyskinesia, following long term neurokptic therapy. Tardive dyskinesia rating scores were decreased significantly 6 h after administration of meloclopramide (20 mg and 40 mg), when compared with placebo. Reduction of tardive dyskinasia by metoclopramide. ,aD2 receptor- blocking agent, suggest that D2 receptors may be involved in the mediation of this syndrome.

Levamisole. a broad spectrum anthelmintic and phenylephrine, an alpha-receptor stimulant, were studied on anococcygeus muscle of rat (RA) and isolated heart of frog. In RA, levamisole and phenylephrine both produces dose dependent contractions which were blocked by phentolamine, but not by practolol. a (-receptor blocker. Phenylephrine was more potent than levamisole in (-receptor stimulating activity. In isolated frog's heart, levamisole produced dose dependent negative inotropic effects. At higher doses it produced a complete cardiac arrest in diastole. The cardiac, inhibitory effects of levamisole are, not altered by atropine. Our results suggest that levamisole and phenylephrine both produces contractions in RA through stimulation of alpha-adrenoceptors. Inhibitory effects of levamisole on frog's cardiac muscles may be direct.

MK-212 ; (6-Chloro-2-(1-piperazinyl)-pyrazine) (5x 10-8 to 4x10-7M) produced dose-dependent positive inotropic effects on guinea-pig heart. The responses to MK-212 were competitively blocked by mepyramine maleate and cyproheptadine. Metiamide did not alter the resonses to MK-212 on guinea-pig heart.The responses to MK-212 were also Inhibited competitively by propranolol. Reserpinization inhibited the responses to MK-212 completely. Our findings suggest that, MK-212 induced positive inotropic effect in guinea-pig heart 18 due to stimulation of post-syoaptic beta-receptors, involving the release of noradrenaline which follows the stimulation of either presynaptic serotonin or H1- histamine receptors.

Baclofen, the p-chlorophenyl analog of GABA, was found to exert antinociceptive activity and to induce catalepsy in mice. -Further pretreatment with sub-analgesic and sub cataleptic doses of baclofen was found to potentiate morphine-induced analgesia and catalepsy respectively. The possible mechanism involved in the induction of analgesia and catalepsy and in the potentiation of morphine-induced analgesia and catalepsy by baclofen is discussed on the basis of the inhibitory action of baclofen on the firing of the nigro-neostriatal dopaminergic neurons, which have been implicated in the control of nociceptive reflex activity and in the action of analgesic agents and whose hypofunctioning results in catalepsy.

Caffeine exhibited significant improvement in swimming endurance performance and pulling strength, while d-amphetamine showed improvement in swimming performance only, and insignificantly reduced the pulling strength in rats. Neither of the two drugs suppressed blood lactic acid (BLA) levels, or replenished skeletal-muscle glycogen (SMG) stores. In this study there was no correlation between the "anti-fatigue" action and BLA rise antagonism, which otherwise is an important mechanism involved in the increase of endurance performance. The findings have been discussed in view of available literature.

Pretreatment with baclofen, the p-chlorophenyl analogue of GABA, not only prolonged pentobarbitone sleeping time but also induced sleep in mice treated with a subhypnotic dose of pentobarbitone.Probable mechanism involved in the potentiating effect of baclofen on pentobarbitone hypnosis has been discussed on the basis that baclofen by inhibiting the firing of DAergic neurons decreases the activity of the nigrostriatal and mesolimbic DAergic systems involved in cortical activation and behavioural arousal and thus sensitizes the CNS to the depressant action of pentobarbitone. Further, our finding that the subconvulsant dose of picrotoxin, a GABA antagonist, failed to antagonise the potentiating effect of baclofen pretreatment on pentobarbitone hypnosis is in agreement with the report that picrotoxin fails to antagonise the action of baclofen on the DAergic neurons.

Maprotiline (5-40 mg/kg ip) was found to induce catalepsy in mice. Treatment with apomorphine (2.5 and 5 mg/kg. ip) and atropine (20 mg/kg, ip) significantly reduced the cataleptic effect of maprotiline. Further, pretreatment with maprotiline (2.5-10 mg/kg, ip) significantly antagonised apomorphine-induced cage climbing behaviour in mice. The results suggest that the cataleptogenic effect of maprotiline is probably due to blockade of post-synaptic striatal dopamine receptors.

Efficacy of the indigenous drug, Livol (R), was studied on experimental hepatotoxicity in dogs caused by oral administration of carbon tetrachloride. A significant decline in elevated values of SGPT and prothrombin time indicated a protective action of Livol on the damaged liver tissue.

The anti-inflammatory drug, Indomethacin. was found to have no significant effects on whole blood clotting time. one-stage prothrombin time, qualitative test for fibrinogen; visual thrombelastographic observations, fibrinolysis time, clot retraction time and bleeding time. The results indicate that the drug has no adverse effect on blood coagulation.