| RESEARCH ARTICLE |
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| Year : 2019 | Volume
: 51
| Issue : 1 | Page : 45-54 |
Antiangiogenic activity of sophorolipids extracted from refined bleached deodorized palm olein
Shazmin Kithur Mohamed1, Muhammad Asif1, Mansoureh Vishkaei Nazari1, Hussein M Baharetha1, Syed Mahmood2, Abdul Rashid M. Yatim3, Aman Shah Abdul Majid4, Amin Malik Shah Abdul Majid5
1 Department of Pharmacology, EMAN Testing and Research Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
2 Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Technology, University Malaysia Pahang, Gambang, Malaysia
3 Advanced Oleochemicals Technology Research Division, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
4 Faculty of Medicine, Quest International University Perak, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia
5 Department of Pharmacology, EMAN Testing and Research Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang, Malaysia; ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
Correspondence Address:
Dr. Mansoureh Vishkaei Nazari
Department of Pharmacology, EMAN Testing and Research Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, 11800, Pulau Penang
Malaysia
 Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None  | Check |
DOI: 10.4103/ijp.IJP_312_18
OBJECTIVES: Sophorolipids (SLs) are a group of surface-active glycolipids produced by a type of nonpathogenic yeast Candida bombicola in the presence of vegetable oil through fermentation technology. SLs have shown antitumor activity; however, the mechanism of action underlying the anticancer activity of SLs is poorly understood. This work evaluated the anticancer activity of SLs fermented from palm oil by exploring its antiangiogenic activity.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The SLs that were fermented and further characterized for their biochemical activities. Cytotoxicity study was performed to assess cytostatic properties. A series of in vitro and ex vivo angiogenesis assay was also carried out. The relative fold change in the expression of p53 mRNA by SLs was also studied.
RESULTS: Altogether, the data show that SLs derived from palm oil fermentation process inhibited neovascularization in the ex vivo tissue segments and also the endothelial cell proliferation between 50% and 65% inhibition as a whole. The palm oil derived SLs also caused downregulation of the suppression level of vascular endothelial growth factor and also upregulate the p53 mRNA level. The analytical studies revealed the presence of high amount of phenolic compounds but with relatively weak antioxidant activity. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry studies revealed abundant amount of palmitic and oleic acid, the latter an established antiangiogenic agent, and the former being proangiogenic.
CONCLUSION: Therefore, it can be concluded from this study that SLs derived from fermented palm oil have potent antiangiogenic activity which may be attributed by its oleic acid component.
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