| RESEARCH ARTICLE |
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| Year : 2012 | Volume
: 44
| Issue : 6 | Page : 714-721 |
Effect of lithium chloride and antineoplastic drugs on survival and cell cycle of androgen-dependent prostate cancer LNCap cells
Vajihe Azimian-Zavareh1, Ghamartaj Hossein2, Ehsan Janzamin3
1 Department of Animal Biology, Developmental Biology Lab., School of Biology, University College of Science, University of Tehran; Department of Regenerative Medicine, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Tehran, Iran
2 Department of Animal Biology, Developmental Biology Lab., School of Biology, University College of Science, University of Tehran, Iran
3 Department of Stem Cells, Royan Institute, Tehran, Iran
Correspondence Address:
Ghamartaj Hossein
Department of Animal Biology, Developmental Biology Lab., School of Biology, University College of Science, University of Tehran
Iran
 Source of Support: This work was partly supported by Grant # 26830/6/010 from University College of Science, University of Tehran, Conflict of Interest: None  | Check |
DOI: 10.4103/0253-7613.103265
Objective: Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) has been reported to be required for androgen receptor (AR) activity. This study sought to determine the usefulness of lithium chloride (LiCl) as a highly selective inhibitor of GSK-3β to increase the sensitivity of LNCap cells to doxorubicin (Dox), etoposide (Eto), and vinblastine (Vin) drugs.
Materials and Methods: Thiazolyl Blue Tetrazolium Blue (MTT) assay was used to determine the cytotoxic effect to LiCl alone or in combination with low dose and IC 50 doses of drugs. Subsequently, cell cycle analysis was performed by using flow cytometry.
Results: LiCl showed cytotoxic effect in a dose- and time-dependent manner (P<0.001). Both Dox (100 or 280 nM) and Vin IC 50 (5 nM) doses caused G2/M-phase arrest (P<0.001) compared with control. However, low dose (10 μM) or IC 50 (70 μM) Eto doses showed G2/M or S-phase arrests, respectively (P<0.001). Combination of low dose or IC 50 dose of Eto with LiCl showed increased apoptosis as revealed by high percent of cells in SubG1 (P<0.05, P<0.01, respectively). Moreover, Eto (10 μM) led to decreased percent of cells in G2/M phase when combined with LiCl (P<0.05).
Conclusion: This study showed that LiCl increases apoptosis of (LNCap) Lymph Node Carcinoma of the Prostate cells in the presence of Eto, which is S- and G2-phase-specific drug.
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